Umuryango Human Rights Watch urasaba ko General Bosco Ntaganda yashyikirizwa urukiko mpuzamahanga.
Gen Ntaganda akwiriye gufatwa vuba agashyikirizwa urukiko mpuzamahanga. .
Uwitwa Anneke Van Woundenberg ushinzwe akarere ka Afurika muri Human Rights Watch avuga ko «Bosco Ntaganda yongeye gukora ibyaha bimeze nk’ibyo yaregwaga, ibyaha byo gushora abana mu ntambara no guhohotera abasiviri, n’ubundi yari akurikiranyweho n’urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha». Anneke Van Woundenberg akomeza auga ko «Niba Bosco Ntaganda akomeje kwidegembya, umutekano w’abana n’abasiviri bo muri Repubulika Iharanira Demukarasi ya Kongo uzakomeza kugerwa ku mashyi».
Taliki ya 14 gicurasi, umushinjacyaha w’urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha (CPI), yashyize ahagaragara urupapuro rushya (mandat d’arret) rwo guhagarika Bosco Ntaganda kubera ibindi byaha byiyongereye ku byo yaregwaga n’uru rukiko, ibyaha by’intambara, ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu, kwica urubozo, guhohotera rubanda abahora ubwoko bwabo, gufata abagore ku ngufu, kugira ingwate abagore no kubafata ku ngufu, n’ubusahuzi bwakorewe aho bita muri Ituri mu myaka y’ 2002 na 2003.
Imyanzuro y’umuryango Human Rights Watch yakoze, iturutse mu biganiro by’abatangabuhamya n’abahohotewe, yemeza ko ingabo za Ntaganda – zibarirwa ubu hagati ya 300 na 600 zamukurikiye mu muheno – zashoye abana b’abahungu mu ntambara bagera kuri 149, zibashyira mu gisirikare ku ngufu mu bice bya Kilolirwe, Kingi, Kabati no mu tundi duce tugana ku muhanda wa Kitchanga, mu karere ka Masisi, ho muri Kivu y’amajyaruguru, hagati y’amataliki ya 19 mata n’iya 4 gicurasi. Ingaruka zo kuroha aba bana mu ntambara, ni uko byibura barindwi muri bo basize ubuzima bwabo ku rugamba. Abana n’abahungu bakuze bajugunywe muri iyo mirwano bari mu kigero cy’imyaka 12 na 20, bakanba baraturukaga mu bwoko bw’abatutsi n’abahutu. 48 muri bo bari mu kigero cy’imyaka 18 na 17, abandi bakaba bafite imyaka nka 15.
Iteka mpuzamahanga ryashyizweho umukono n’igihugu cya Kongo-Kinshasa, ribuza ryivuye inyuma gushora abana batarageza ku myaka 18 mu mitwe y’abitwaje ibirwanisho. Naho Iteka ryashyizweho n’urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha (CPI), ryemeza ko gushora abana mu ntambara batarageza ku myaka 15, bifatwa nk’icyaha cy’intambara.
Gushora abana mu mirwano ku ngufu.
Bosco Ntaganda, général w’indakoreka mu ngabo za Kongo-Kinshasa, yigometse ku butegetsi ubwo guverinoma ya Kongo yari irimo gushakisha uko yaca intege ububasha bwe, no kubera ko Leta ya Kongo yashakaga kubahiriza ibyifuzo bya benshi bifuzaga ko yafatwa kubera ibyaha by’intambara yakekwagaho. Kugirango adafatwa, Ntaganda yahamagariye izindi ngabo kumutera ingabo mu bitugu aho yari yarashinze ibirindiro bya gisirikare mu karere ka Masisi. Amagana y’abasirikare bitabiriye impuruza ye, ndetse banagenzura ahitwa Kitchanga, Kilolirwe, Mushaki, Rubaya, Kingi no mu duce dukikije akarere ka Masisi, mu burengerazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demukarasi ya Kongo.
Hagati y’ukwezi ka kwane, Ntaganda n’ingabo ze bamenyesheje abaturage baba mu migi no mu byaro ko bari bakeneye abana n’abasore b’ingimbi bo gutera ingabo mu bitugu umubare w’ingabo zabo. Umugore w’ahitwa Birambizo yatangarije Human Rights Watch ko Ntaganda ubwe yiyiziye mu mudugudu wabo, akababwira, ati: «Mwa baturage mwe, kuva mwashyigikira guverinoma, ntacyo yabagejejeho. Kuki mudashobora jyewe kunshyigikira?» Uyu mugore yakomeje, agira, ati: «[Ntaganda] yadusabye ko twamuha abana bacu, abanyeshuri, kugirango bajye kurwana. Yiyiziye ubwe mu mudugudu wacu, nk’uko n’ubundi Laurent Nkunda, ubu wafashwe, yari yarabigenje. Ibyo Ntaganda yadusabaga twarabyanze, tumubwira ko abana bacu bajya mu mashuri kwiga, ko badashobora kujya kurwana».
Mu minsi yakurikiyeho, ingabo za Ntaganda noneho zagiye ku mashuri zihatwara abana ku ngufu, zijya mu mago yabo, zibagotera mu mihanda aho bageragezaga kwirukankira bahunga, zibakurikira no ku matagisi ya za motos zabacikishaga. Abana b’abahungu batashoboye gucika ingabo za Ntaganda, bashowe ku ngufu mu gisirikare, bahabwa imyitozo ya gisirikare ya vuba vuba, abandi bategekwa kwikorera imbunda n’amasasu. Umubare munini w’abo bana wategetswe kwambara imyenda ya gisirikare.
Hafi ya Kingi, mu karere ka Masisi, taliki ya 19 mata, ingabo za Ntaganda zafashe byibura abanyeshuri 32 – bose b’abahungu – bigaga mu ishuri ryisumbuye rya Mapendano. Umwana w’umunyeshuri w’imyaka 17 y’amavuko yatangarije Human Rights Watch amagambo akurikira: «Bari benshi cyane. Batugezeho saa saba n’igice z’amanywa. Twari hafi kurangiza kwiga. Ingabo za Ntaganda zadutegetse gusohoka mu ishuri, hanyuma zitujyana inyuma y’ishuri. Zahise zinzirika amaboko n’umugozi. Twese zaratuziritse, zitujyana ku musozi… Zatubwiye ko tugiye kurwanira Bosco Ntaganda… Zadusobaniriye ko tuzabohoza igihugu cyacu niba dutanze inkunga yacu kuri Bosco Ntaganda. Twagombaga kumushyigikira kugirango Kongo yacu idafatwa n’abandi».
Mu muheno wa Ntaganda.
Bageze mu kigo cya gisirikari, abana n’abasore bahise bavanga n’ingabo za Ntaganda hanyuma bahita bahabwa imyitozo y’ibanze ya gisirikari, imyitozo irimo uburyo bwo kwihisha no gucunga aho umwanzi yaturuka.
Ikindi cyabaye taliki ya 29 mata, ni uko ingabo zari zisunze iza Ntaganda zahatiye abana b’abahungu 22 b’abatutsi kuva kuri moto imbere ya bariyeri yari yashyizwe ahitwa Kilolirwe, ubwo bari bagerageje guhunga. Uwari utwaye taxi-moto, ari na we watanze ubu buhamya bw’ukuntu abari batwawe kuri moto bafashwe, yatangarije Human Rights Watch ko abasirikare ba Ntaganda bahise bashyira ku ruhande rw’umuhanda abana b’abahungu 22, barabakubita ku buryo budasubirwaho, babatwara indangamuntu zabo, bandika amazina yabo n’imyaka yabo, ndetse bahita babajyana. Aba basirikare ba Ntaganda baregaga aba bana b’abahungu gucika aho kurengera ubwoko baturukamo. Abandi bagenzi barimo abana n’abasore, bo barabaretse barigendera.
Umuryango Human Rights Watch wemeza ko uku gushora abana mu ntambara kw’ingabo za Ntaganda kwatumye abana benshi n’abasore bahungira mu Rwanda. Raporo y’ibanga y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye yerekana ko mu mpunzi zari zirimo zambuka ahitwa Nkamira, hafi y’umupaka wa Gisenyi, ku wa mbere gicurasi, umubare munini wari wiganjemo abasore bari hagati y’imyaka 16 na 25. Aba batangaje ko ubwoba bwo gushyirwa mu ngabo za Ntaganda ari bwo bwari nyirabayazana yo guhunga.
Abana benshi n’abasore bashyirwaga mu gisirikare ku ngufu, barakubitwaga iyo bageragezaga kubyanga. Ingabo za Ntaganda zanatotezaga cyane abana b’abahungu babaga bagerageje guhunga. Umwana w’umuhungu w’imyaka 16, wafatiwe hafi y’ahitwa Kabati mu mpera z’ukwezi kwa mata hafi y’ibirindiro bya gisirikare by’ingabo za Ntaganda, yatangarije Human Rights Watch ko mu ijoro, aba basirikare ba Ntaganda «badushyiraga za grenades ku mubiri, bakatubwira ko nituninyagambura ziri buduturikireho».
Hagati ya 25 mata na 4 gicurasi, inyeshyamba za Ntaganda n’ingabo za Kongo zakozanyijeho hafi ya Mushaki, Muhongozi no mu karere k’amajyaruguru ya Sake.
Abana bamwe babwiye Human Rights Watch ko inyeshyamba za Ntaganda zabahatiye kugenda bashoreranye, bikoreye ibibunda n’amasasu, kugeza aho zagombaga kurwanira, aba bana bakaba ari bo bagombaga kuba aba mbere mu kwiyahura mu bitero cyangwa mu mvura y’amasasu. Abatangabuhamya baje gushyingura imwe mu mirambo y’aba bana, batangaje ko byibura abana b’abahungu bagera kuri barindwi baguye hafi y’umusozi uteganye n’umugi wa Mushaki, aho inyeshyamba za Ntaganda zari zikambitse.
Umwana w’umuhungu w’imyaka 14 yategetswe kwikorera umurambo w’undi mwana mugenzi we wari wishwe n’igisasu cyamwikubise mu gatuza ubwo imirwano yaberaga i Mushaki. Uyu mwana wari wikoreye umurambo wa mugenzi we yagize, ati: «Twabonye umwe muri bagenzi bacu wari wambaye imyenda ya gisirikare, arimo gupfa. Ibi byaduteye ubwoba cyane». Aba bana b’abahungu bombi bari barafatiwe rimwe, ariko bajyanwa mu duce tw’imirwano dutandukanye.
Ahagana taliki ya 5 gicurasi, zishushubikanyijwe n’ingabo za Kongo, inyeshyamba za Ntaganda zirukankiye mu karere ka Masisi muri pariki ya Virunga. Inyeshyamba za Ntaganda zahise zitegeka abana benshi b’abahungu bari barafashwe bunyago kujyana na zo, kwikorera intwaro ndetse n’ibiryo.
Umwana w’umuhungu w’imyaka 16, wafatiwe ku wa 4 gicurasi ahitwa i Nturo, agafatanwa na murumuna we w’imyaka 13, yategetswe kwikorera igisanduku kiremereye cy’amasasu, akijyana muri iyo pariki ya Virunga. Uyu mwana washoboye gucika icyo gisanduku cy’amasasu, yatangarije Human Rights Watch, ati: «Nari kumwe n’abandi bana b’abahungu bane tungana, cyangwa narutaga ho gato». «Twari tunaniwe, tunashonje, ku buryo twashakaga kuba duhagaze, nyamara inyeshyanba za Ntaganda zaratwangiye. Nta n’icyo zaduhaga cyo kurya cyangwa cyo kunywa. Zaradukubitaga iyo twabaga duhagaze gato turuhuka mbere yo gukomeza. Nzi neza ko abandi bana b’abahungu bari muri gurupe yari itubanjirije n’indi yari idukurikiye, bagize ibibazo bikomeye kubera ko nabumvaga barimo kuboroga».
Urupapuro rwa CPI rwo gufata Ntaganda.
Bosco Ntaganda arashakishwa n’urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha (CPI) kuva mu kwezi kwa munami 2006 kubera ibyaha by’intambara byo gushora no gukoresha abana mu bikorwa by’intambara mu myaka ya 2002 na 2003 mu majyaruguru ya Ituri, ubwo yari ayoboye umutwe w’abarwanyi. Mu kwezi kwa gatatu, CPI, mu rubanza rwayo rwa mbere, yaburanishije ureganwa na Ntaganda, Thomas Lubanga, ahamwa n’icyaha cy’intambara kubera gushyira no gukoresha abana mu bikorwa bya gisirikare.
N’ubwo CPI yashyize ahagaragara urupapuro rwo gufata Ntaganda, guverinoma ya Kongo ntibyayibujije kumwinjiza mu ngabo zayo ndetse imuzamura mu ntera y’amapeti ya gisirikare yo ku rwego rwa général, mu mwaka wa 2009. Mu bwatsi bwe, Ntaganda yakomeje gutembera uko ashaka mu burasirazuba bwa Kongo, akina tenisi, ndetse akarya mu maresitora agezweho y’i Goma, abahagarariye guverinoma ya Kongo muri ako karere babibonesha amaso yombi, ingabo z’umuryango w’abibumbye na zo zibibona, ndetse n’abahagarariye ibihugu byabo muri Kongo. Nta na kimwe cyakozwe kugirango Ntaganda afatwe, n’ubwo yakomeje gukora ibikorwa bibangamira uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu, ibikorwa byakunze gutungwa urutoki na Human Rights Watch, birimo ubwicanyi gatumwa, gufata abagore ku ngufu, kwica urubozo, no gushora abana mu bikorwa bya gisirikare.
Nyuma y’ibi, Perezida Joseph Kabila wa Kongo yaje gutangaza ku wa 11 mata, ubwo yagezaga ijambo ku baturage i Goma, ko guverinoma ya Kongo irimo gushakisha uburyo yafata Ntaganda. Mu byumweru byakurikiyeho, abakuru ba gisirikare n’aba guverinoma ya Kongo batangarije Human Rights Watch ko Perezida Kabila yari yatanze uburenganzira bwo guhagarika Ntaganda. Ubu burenganzira bwo gufata Ntaganda bwasobanuraga impinduka ikomeye muri politiki ya guverinoma ya Kongo kuri Ntaganda, mbere wari waragaragajwe na guverinoma ya Kongo ko ari indakoreka kubera ko yari umwe mu bafatwaga nk’ababungabunga amahoro y’igihugu.
Guverinoma ya Kongo icyo gihe yerekanaga ko niba Ntaganda afashwe, yashoboraga kuburanishirizwa muri Repubulika Iharanira Demukarasi ya Kongo. Nyamara, mu mwaka wa 2004, guverinoma yari yamenyesheje CPI ikibazo cyo muri Kongo. Nk’igihugu mu byasinye Iteka rya CPI, Repubulika Iharanira Demukarasi ya Kongo ifite inshingano zo gukorana n’uru rukiko no kubahiriza imikorere yarwo, imikorere irimo gushyira mu bikorwa impapuro zatanzwe na CPI zo guhagarika Bosco Ntaganda.
Niba guverinoma ya Kongo yarashakaga gukurikiranira Ntaganda muri Kongo, yagombaga gutanga impamvu zijyanye n’amategeko, ikazitanga ku bacamanza b’urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha, izi mpamvu zikaba zaragombaga no kwerekana neza niba guverinoma ya Kongo yari yishoboye mu gukurikirana no gutanga ubutabera busesuye mu rubanza Ntaganda yari akurikiranyweho ibyaha bikomeye. Icyemezo cya nyuma cyabaye ko ibyaha Bosco Ntaganda yari akurikiranyweho biburanishwa n’urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha (CPI).
Ingabo za Kongo n’abahagarariye Umuryango w’Abibumbye Human Rights Watch yavuganye na bo, bemeza ko Ntaganda yaba aherereye maginga aya muri pariki ya Virunga, hamwe n’abasirikare be batari benshi. Bamwe mu bahagarariye Umuryango w’Abibumbye batekereza ko Ntaganda ashobora kugerageza guhungira mu Rwanda cyangwa muri Uganda. Abayobozi b’igisirikare cy’u Rwanda bakaba baragize uruhare rukomeye mu gushyira Ntaganda ku buyobozi bw’umutwe w’inyeshyamba wa CNDP, muri mutarama 2009, aba bayobozi bakaba baranakoze aho bwabaga kugirango yinjizwe mu ngabo za Kongo. Kuva Ntaganda yigometse kuri guverinoma ya Kongo, abayobozi bakuru b’u Rwanda batangarije abahagarariye ibihugu by’amahanga ko batazemera ko Ntaganda yinjira mu Rwanda.
Anneke Van Woudenberg yatangaje ko «Guveroma y’u Rwanda igomba gukora uko ishoboye igashyigikira guverinoma ya Kongo mu bikorwa byo gufata Ntaganda n’abandi bihisha inyuma y’ibikorwa bibi byo guhungabanya umutekano muri Kongo; u Rwanda ntirugomba kubakira cyangwa kubafasha guhungira ahandi. Guverinoma ya Kongo n’iy’u Rwanda bafite inyungu zo guhagarika ibikorwa bibi bikorwa na Ntaganda, bakimakaza umuco w’ibihugu bigendera ku mategeko, bakanizeza ko abahohotewe bose bahabwa ubutabera».
Undi mutwe wa gisirikari.
Abasirikari benshi bari biyemeje kujya ku ruhande rwa Ntaganda basubiye mu ngabo za Kongo cyangwa bakekwa ko basanze colonel Sultani Makenga, undi musirikare mukuru wa Kongo washyizeho undi mutwe wa gisirikari taliki ya 3 gicurasi. Mu itangazo rigenewe abanyamakuru no mu bindi biganiro yagiranye n’abanyamakuru, umuvugizi wa Makenga yatangaje ko Makenga ntaho ahuriye na Ntaganda, ko umutwe we ushinzwe kurengera gusa abo mu bwoko bw’abatutsi. Ntaganda na Makenga mbere barakoranaga mu mutwe w’inyeshyamba za CNDP, umutwe wari ushyigikiwe n’u Rwanda.
Guverinoma ya Kongo ubu irarwanya yivuye inyuma ingabo za Makenga, zizwi ku izina rya M23, kubera amasezerano y’amahoro yo ku wa 23 gicurasi 2009 hagati ya CNDP na guverinoma ya Kongo, amasezerano yasinyiwe i Runyoni na Jomba mu karere ka Rutshuru, ho muri Kivu y’amajyaruguru.
Naho guverinoma y’u Rwanda yo yahamagariye guverinoma ya Kongo kujya mu mishyikirano n’ingabo za Makenga, ibi kugirango harengerwe umutekano w’abantu. Bamwe mu bayobozi ba CNDP n’ab’u Rwanda, bemeje ko ibitero byibasira abasiviri b’abatutsi, ibitero bigabwa n’ingabo za Kongo, ari byo bituma abatutsi bo muri Kongo bakomeje guhungira mu Rwanda.
Umuryango w’abibumbye uremeza ko abagera ku bihumbi mirongo ine na bitanu (45 000) bahunze imirwano yabereye mu turere twa Masisi, Rutshuru, na Nyiragongo guhera mu kwezi kwa kane, barimo hafi impunzi ibihumbi umunani (8000) bambutse umupaka w’u Rwanda. Abenshi mu bari bahunze imirwano muri Kongo batangiye gusubira ku mirenge y’aho bari batuye.
Human Rights Watch yakoze amaperereza yayo muri Masisi hagati ya 25 mata na 15 gicurasi, inasura aho impunzi zinyura gato, ahitwa Nkamira mu Rwanda, taliki ya 11 gicurasi, kugirango iganire n’impunzi z’abatutsi b’abanyekongo ku byerekeranye n’ibyo bitero bivugwa. Human Rights Watch ntiyashoboye kwemeza ko ibitero byari biherutse byari byibasiye abatutsi bo mu karere ka Masisi, n’ubwo ibyo bitero nyirizina ari byo byatumye bagira ubwoba, bikabaviramo guhunga.
Mu duce tumwe na tumwe, nka Kivuye na Bibwe mu karere ka Masisi, ahatuye abatutsi benshi, uduco tw’abarwanyi twishyize hamwe n’utw’abahutu b’abanyarwanda ndetse n’ingabo za FDLR, dufata ako karere nyuma y’aho ingabo za Ntaganda zihaviriye. Human Rights Watch ivuga ko, ubwo utwo dutsiko dufatanyije n’ingabo za FDLR twahageraga, byatumye abasiviri b’abatutsi bari bahari bahunga kuko batinyaga ko iyo mitwe yabagirira nabi.
Ku wa 14 gicurasi, umushinjacyaha w’urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha (CPI), yatangaje ko agiye gushyira ahagaragara impapuro zo gufata Sylvestre Mudacumura, umugaba mukuru w’ingabo za FDLR, kubera ibyaha by’intambara n’ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu, byakozwe mu myaka ya 2009 na 2010 mu turere twa Kivu y’amajyaruguru, ibi byaha bikaba bigizwe n’ubwicanyi, gufata abagore ku ngufu, kwica urubozo, n’ibindi bikorwa byo guhohotera ikiremwamuntu. Abayobozi babiri ba FDLR, Ignace Murwanashyaka na Straton Musoni, ubu baraburanishwa n’urukiko rwo mu Budage, aho bari batuye kuva mu myaka myinshi. Aba bagabo bombi baregwa ibyaha by’intambara n’ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu kubera uruhare bakekwaho rw’ibitero byakozwe n’ingabo z’umutwe wa FDLR muri Kivu zombi.
Ugushakisha uburyo bwo kugabanya umubare w’abasiviri bagwa mu mirwano
Umuryango Human Rights Watch uvuga ko ubwo habagaho igikorwa cyo guhiga no guhashya inyeshyamba za Ntaganda muri Masisi mu kwezi kwa kane n’ukwa gatanu, ingabo za Kongo byagaragaye ko zageze ku gikorwa zifuzaga kandi zubahiriza uburenganzira mpuzamahanga bw’ikiremwamuntu, ibi bikaba byaranubahirije igabanywa ry’umubare w’abasiviri bakunze kugwa mu mirwano. Ubwo ingabo za Kongo zari zimaze kugenzura Kitchanga yari mu maboko y’inyeshyamba za Ntaganda, uyu mugi ukaba wiganjemo umubare munini uturuka mu bwoko bw’abatutsi, ingabo za Kongo zahamagaje inama n’abahagarariye imiryango kugirango babahumurize, banizeza abaturage ko ingabo zo zirinda umutekano w’abaturuka mu bwoko bwose, ko zitarobanura abo mu bwoko ubu n’ubu.
Ingabo z’umuryango w’abibumbye zishinzwe kubungabunga amahoro muri Kongo (MONUSCO), na zo zakoze aho bwabaga mu kurinda abasiviri ibikorwa by’imirwano yari iherutse muri ako karere, kuhagarura umutekano bahakorera amarondo ahoraho, bohereza imirwi ishinzwe kureba uko umutekano w’abaturage ubungabunzwe, no gushakisha ukuntu ibikorwa bya gisirikare bizajya bibera kure y’aho abaturage batuye. Umuryango w’Abibumbye wanaboneyeho gutangaza ko abayobozi ba Kongo batigeze basaba inkunga ijyanye n’ibikorwa byo gufata Bosco Ntaganda.
Anneke Van Woudenberg yanatangaje ko «Guverinoma ya Kongo igomba kurangiza burundu ibibazo by’abahungabanya umutekano w’abaturage, bagafatwa. Ati igihe kirageze kugirango Ntaganda afatwe; ingabo z’Umuryango w’Abibumbye na zo zigomba gukora uko zishoboye zigashyigikira guverinoma ya Kongo mu gushakisha uko uyu Ntaganda yafatwa».
Amiel Nkuliza, Sweden.